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The recent breakdown of the ceasefire between the United States and Iran is the culmination of a long and tumultuous history of conflict and negotiation between the two nations. The roots of this animosity can be traced back to the 1979 Iranian Revolution, which saw the overthrow of the US-backed Shah and the establishment of the Islamic Republic. Since then, a series of events, including the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988), the US's imposition of sanctions, and Iran's nuclear programme, have exacerbated tensions. The 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), which aimed to limit Iran's nuclear capabilities in exchange for sanctions relief, was a significant diplomatic effort that ultimately collapsed in 2018 when President Trump withdrew the US from the agreement, labelling it as flawed. The recent peace deal signed just three weeks prior to the ceasefire's collapse was seen as a last-ditch effort to stabilise the situation, but it quickly unravelled amid mutual accusations and military actions. The implications of this renewed conflict extend far beyond the immediate region. The Strait of Hormuz is a critical chokepoint for global oil supplies, with approximately 20% of the world's petroleum passing through it. Any escalation in hostilities could disrupt these vital shipping lanes, leading to significant increases in oil prices and potential global economic ramifications. Analysts predict that if tensions continue to rise, oil prices could surge by 10-15%, impacting not only energy markets but also broader economic stability in regions heavily reliant on oil imports. Furthermore, the geopolitical landscape could shift as other nations, particularly those in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and global powers like China and Russia, may be forced to take sides or mediate, further complicating international relations.