德国的重大问题：能源转型、核能和气候目标
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What does the Energiewende cost, has the nuclear phase-out been a mistake, and can Germany meet its 2045 climate neutrality target?
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Germany should invest heavily in green hydrogen production and infrastructure to decarbonise its industrial base.
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Germany should require all new buildings to meet near-zero energy standards and offer substantial subsidies for retrofitting existing stock.
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The Energiewende could have been both cheaper and more effective if political opposition had worked constructively to address weaknesses in the original plan instead of trying to stop or undermine it.
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The Kohleausstieg (coal phase-out) should be accelerated to 2030 rather than allowed to slip to 2038.
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Germany should introduce Autobahn speed limits — it is the only major EU country without permanent motorway speed restrictions.
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Germany's Energiewende demonstrates that large-scale renewable transitions are feasible, despite significant implementation costs.
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German households and industry pay electricity prices among the highest in Europe — this is a serious competitiveness problem.
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Germany's decision to phase out nuclear power was a strategic error that increased both carbon emissions and energy costs.