重大问题：卫生系统、预防和获得机会

Compulsory licensing of essential medicine patents is justified when patent protection prevents access in low- and middle-income countries.

A permanent international pandemic preparedness fund financed by treaty obligation — not discretionary aid — is necessary after the failures of COVID response.

Universal healthcare funded through general taxation achieves better population health outcomes than insurance-based systems at comparable total cost.

Mental health conditions receive a fraction of the clinical and research investment justified by their economic and social burden.

The public health burden of ultra-processed food consumption is severe enough to justify mandatory advertising restrictions and reformulation requirements.

Antimicrobial resistance is a public health emergency requiring binding international rules on antibiotic use in agriculture and medicine.

Governments should prioritise healthy life expectancy and wellbeing indicators over GDP growth as the primary measures of national progress.