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The current situation regarding munitions supply in the ongoing conflict with Iran can be traced back to a series of escalating tensions that began with the US withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) in May 2018. This pivotal moment marked a shift in US-Iran relations, leading to increased sanctions and military posturing from both sides. Over the years, the US has engaged in various military operations in the Middle East, which have strained its military resources. The rapid depletion of munitions, particularly precision-guided weapons, has been a concern for military planners, especially as the conflict with Iran has intensified since its resurgence in 2026. Historical parallels can be drawn to the Gulf War in 1991, where the US faced similar challenges in maintaining supply lines and munitions availability during prolonged military engagements. The implications of a munitions shortage extend beyond immediate military capabilities. A sustained lack of supplies could hinder the US's ability to project power in the region, potentially emboldening Iran and its allies, which may lead to further destabilisation in the Middle East. This situation could also affect global energy markets, particularly if Iran's actions disrupt oil shipments through the Strait of Hormuz, a critical chokepoint for global oil trade. Additionally, the defence industry may face increased pressure to ramp up production, which could lead to supply chain disruptions and increased costs. The need for a robust domestic munitions supply chain has become more apparent, highlighting the vulnerabilities in the US military-industrial complex that could have long-term repercussions for national security. Key players in this unfolding scenario include President Donald Trump, who is directly involved in addressing the munitions supply issue, and Defence Secretary Pete Hegseth, who has been tasked with managing military operations amidst these challenges.