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The debate over just war doctrine highlights the tension between ethical ideals and real-world military necessities.

Pope Leo XIV's stance reflects a growing concern for ethical accountability in military interventions, which must be prioritized.

Moral certainty in warfare is subjective; different interpretations of just war doctrine can lead to varied ethical conclusions.

The U.S. war on Iran fails to meet just war criteria, emphasizing the need for moral certainty in military actions.

Just war doctrine is too rigid; it should evolve to address contemporary conflicts and the complexities of modern warfare.